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installing a Linux system

Ubuntu-based systems

To install updates, use sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove.

To install officially supported programs, use sudo apt install audacity autokey-gtk bless brasero bzr cheese codeblocks curl duc easytag espeak-ng-espeak exfat-fuse exfat-utils exiftool extundelete eyed3 festival filelight filezilla flac focuswriter gedit gimp git-cola gnome-disk-utility gnome-terminal gnumeric gparted gprename graphviz grsync gsmartcontrol idle imagemagick inkscape jekyll jq kcharselect kmag krename lftp lolcat lynx mediainfo meld mercurial moreutils ncdu net-tools pngcrush qtqr recode recoll retext searchmonkey simplescreenrecorder sox surf tesseract-ocr testdisk texlive-fonts-recommended thunderbird tracker transmission-qt trash-cli tree uget unar units unoconv unrar unrtf vlc vnstat zbar-tools -y.

Also install additional programs using more specific instructions and installation methods:

dpkg

npm

pip

PPA

RubyGems

For Lubuntu, install additional packages using sudo apt install dolphin kate openjdk-8-jre.

Personal experience

Tested in Lubuntu 18.04.1.

explanation

Note

This is an incomplete explanation.

package name program name program category interface licensing predominant programming language
audacity Audacity audio editing GUI GNU GPL v2.0 6 C
autokey-gtk AutoKey automation GUI GNU GPL v3.0 86 Python
bless Bless hex editing GUI GNU GPL v2.0 2 C#
brasero Brasero optical disc authoring GUI GNU GPL v2.0 88 C
bzr Bazaar version control CLI GNU GPL v2.0 81 or later 82 Python
cheese Cheese webcam recording GUI GNU GPL v2.0 7 C
codeblocks Code::Blocks IDE GUI GNU GPL v3.0 8 67 C++
curl Curl data transmission CLI MIT/X-inspired license10 68 C
duc Duc computer data storage analysis CLI or GUI GNU GPL v3.0 47 C
easytag EasyTag tag editing GUI GNU GPL v2.0 or later14 C
espeak-ng-espeak eSpeak NG speech synthesis CLI GNU GPL v3.0 23 C
exfat-fuse and exfat-utils exfat implementation of exFAT GNU GPL v2.0 15 C
exiftool ExifTool tag editing CLI GNU GPL v1.0 or later16 69 Perl
extundelete extundelete undeletion CLI GNU GPL v2.0 17 C++
eyed3 eyeD3 tag editing GUI GNU GPL v3.0 18 Python
festival Festival Speech Synthesis System speech synthesis CLI MIT-like license11 C++
filelight Filelight computer data storage analysis GUI GNU GPL v2.0 19 C++
filezilla FileZilla data transmission for FTP GUI GNU GPL v2.0 70 or later20 C++
flac FLAC lossless compression codec CLI GNU GPL 21 72 C
focuswriter FocusWriter word processing GUI GNU GPL v3.0 22 C++
gedit gedit text editing GUI GNU GPL v2.0 24 C
gimp GIMP image editing for raster graphics GUI GNU GPL v3.0 25 73 C
git-cola Git Cola version control for Git GUI GNU GPL v2.0 9 Python
gnome-disk-utility gnome-disk-utility disk utility package GUI GNU GPL v2.0 26 C
gnome-terminal GNOME Terminal terminal emulation GUI GNU GPL v3.0 27 C
gnumeric Gnumeric spreadsheet GUI GNU GPL v3.0 28 C
gparted GParted partition editing GUI GNU GPL v2.0 29 C++
gprename GPRename batch renaming GUI GNU GPL v3.0 4 Perl
graphviz Graphviz graph visualization CLI Eclipse Public License 1.0 30 31 C
grsync Grsync file synchronization GUI GNU GPL v2.0 32 C
gsmartcontrol GSmartControl computer data storage analysis GUI GNU GPL v2.0 or GNU GPL v3.0 48 74 C++
idle IDLE IDE GUI PSFL 33 Python
imagemagick ImageMagick image editing CLI ImageMagick License 34 C
inkscape Inkscape image editing for vector graphics GUI GNU GPL v3.0 or later35 C++
jekyll Jekyll static site generation CLI MIT License 36 Ruby
jq jq JSON processing CLI MIT License for code and CC BY 3.0 for documentation37 C
kcharselect KCharSelect character selection GUI various licenses85 C++
kmag KMag screen magnification GUI GNU GPL v2.0 60 C++
krename KRename batch renaming GUI GNU GPL v2.0 5 C++
lftp LFTP file transferring CLI GNU GPL v3.0 38 C++
lolcat lolcat text colorization (toy program) CLI unknown license39 Ruby
lynx Lynx text-based web browsing CLI GNU GPL v2.0 40 C
mediainfo MediaInfo video file and audio file metadata displaying CLI BSD 2-Clause license 41 42 Pascal
meld Meld file comparison GUI GNU GPL v2.0 43 Python
mercurial Mercurial version control CLI GNU GPL v2.0 79
moreutils sponge, part of moreutils standard stream manipulation CLI various licenses (sponge is licensed GNU GPL v2.0 44)
ncdu Ncdu computer data storage analysis CLI MIT License 45 C
net-tools ifconfig, part of net-tools networking configuration CLI GNU GPL v2.0 3 C
openjdk-8-jre1 the Open Java Development Kit Java Runtime Environment
pngcrush pngcrush PNG image optimization CLI libpng-like license 75 C
qtqr QtQR (part of QR Tools) QR code encoding and decoding GUI GNU GPL v3.0 (for QR Tools) 49 77 Python
recode recode character encoding conversion CLI GNU GPL v2.0 50 C
recoll Recoll desktop searching GUI GNU GPL v2.0 46 C++
retext ReText text editing for Markdown and reStructuredText GUI GNU GPL v3.0 51 Python
searchmonkey Searchmonkey (gSearchmonkey) desktop searching GUI GNU LGPL v2.1 52 C
simplescreenrecorder SimpleScreenRecorder screen recording GUI GNU GPL v3.0 54 55 C++
sox SoX audio editing CLI GNU GPL v2.0 78 or later12 C
subversion Apache Subversion version control CLI Apache License 2.0 71 C
surf surf web browsing GUI MIT License 56 C
tesseract-ocr Tesseract optical character recognition CLI Apache License 2.0 13 C++
testdisk TestDisk data recovery CLI GNU GPL v2.0 53
texlive-fonts-recommended recommended fonts for TeX Live GNU GPL v2.0 57
thunderbird Mozilla Thunderbird email GUI MPL 2.0 84
tracker Tracker desktop searching CLI GNU LGPL v2.1 or later, BSD 3-Clause license, and GNU GPL v2.0 or later 76 C
transmission-qt Transmission file sharing for BitTorrent GUI (Qt) GNU GPL v2.0 or GNU GPL v3.0 58 C
trash-cli trash-cli trashing CLI GNU GPL v2.0 59 Python
tree tree computer data storage analysis CLI GNU GPL v2.0 C
uget uGet download management GUI GNU LGPL v2.1 83 C
unar The Unarchiver archive file unarchiving CLI GNU LGPL v2.1 80 C
units GNU Units unit conversion CLI GNU GPL v3.0 or later87 C
unoconv unoconv file format conversion CLI GNU GPL v2.0 61 Python
unrar UnRAR RAR unarchiving CLI trialware
unrtf UnRTF RTF conversion CLI GNU GPL v3.0 62 C
vlc VLC media player media playback GUI GNU LGPL v2.1 63 or later 64 C
vnstat vnStat networking analysis CLI GNU GPL v2.0 65 C
zbar-tools ZBar bar code reader barcode reading CLI or GUI GNU LGPL v2.1 or later 66 C

licensing

No rights reserved: CC0 1.0.

prior work

  1. http://openjdk.java.net/install/ ↩

  2. https://github.com/afrantzis/bless/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  3. https://sourceforge.net/p/net-tools/code/ci/master/tree/COPYING ↩

  4. https://sourceforge.net/p/gprename/code/HEAD/tree/trunk/COPYING.TXT ↩

  5. https://sourceforge.net/p/krename/code/HEAD/tree/trunk/COPYING ↩

  6. https://github.com/audacity/audacity/blob/master/LICENSE.txt ↩

  7. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/cheese/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  8. http://codeblocks.org/license ↩

  9. https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  10. https://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html ↩

  11. http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/freecopyright.html ↩

  12. http://sox.sourceforge.net/sox.html#LICENSE ↩

  13. https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  14. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/easytag/blob/master/README ↩

  15. https://github.com/relan/exfat/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  16. https://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/#license ↩

  17. https://sourceforge.net/p/extundelete/code/ci/master/tree/LICENSE ↩

  18. https://github.com/nicfit/eyeD3/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  19. https://github.com/KDE/filelight/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  20. https://filezilla-project.org/license.php ↩

  21. https://xiph.org/flac/license.html ↩

  22. https://github.com/gottcode/focuswriter/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  23. https://github.com/espeak-ng/espeak-ng/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  24. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gedit/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  25. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gimp/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  26. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-disk-utility/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  27. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-terminal/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  28. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnumeric/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  29. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gparted/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  30. https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  31. https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/blob/master/epl-v10.txt ↩

  32. https://sourceforge.net/p/grsync/code/HEAD/tree/trunk/grsync/COPYING ↩

  33. https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  34. https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  35. https://gitlab.com/inkscape/inkscape/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  36. https://github.com/jekyll/jekyll/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  37. https://github.com/stedolan/jq/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  38. https://github.com/lavv17/lftp/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  39. https://github.com/busyloop/lolcat/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  40. https://lynx.invisible-island.net/lynx_help/about_lynx.html ↩

  41. https://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo/License ↩

  42. https://github.com/MediaArea/MediaInfo/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  43. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/meld/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  44. https://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs/main/m/moreutils/moreutils_0.63-1_copyright ↩

  45. https://g.blicky.net/ncdu.git/tree/COPYING ↩

  46. https://opensourceprojects.eu/p/recoll1/code/ci/7e3acf2d0aaa37413e9cc1d0eb32e7c104abc430/tree/src/COPYING ↩

  47. https://github.com/zevv/duc/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  48. https://gsmartcontrol.sourceforge.io/home/index.php/License ↩

  49. https://launchpad.net/qr-tools ↩

  50. https://git.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/recode/tree/COPYING ↩

  51. https://github.com/retext-project/retext/blob/master/LICENSE_GPL ↩

  52. https://sourceforge.net/p/searchmonkey/GTK/ci/master/tree/COPYING.LESSER ↩

  53. https://git.cgsecurity.org/cgit/testdisk/tree/COPYING ↩

  54. https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/#license ↩

  55. https://github.com/MaartenBaert/ssr/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  56. http://git.suckless.org/surf/file/LICENSE.html ↩

  57. http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/t/texlive-base/texlive-base_2017.20180305-1/copyright ↩

  58. https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  59. https://github.com/andreafrancia/trash-cli/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  60. https://cgit.kde.org/kmag.git/tree/COPYING ↩

  61. https://github.com/unoconv/unoconv/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  62. http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/unrtf/file/850a32a10b8e/COPYING ↩

  63. https://git.videolan.org/?p=vlc.git;a=blob_plain;f=COPYING.LIB;hb=HEAD ↩

  64. https://www.videolan.org/press/lgpl-libvlc.html ↩

  65. https://github.com/vergoh/vnstat/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  66. https://sourceforge.net/p/zbar/code/ci/default/tree/COPYING ↩

  67. http://svn.code.sf.net/p/codeblocks/code/trunk/COPYING ↩

  68. https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  69. https://github.com/exiftool/exiftool/blob/master/README ↩

  70. https://svn.filezilla-project.org/svn/FileZilla3/trunk/COPYING ↩

  71. https://svn.apache.org/viewvc/subversion/trunk/LICENSE?view=co ↩

  72. https://git.xiph.org/?p=flac.git;a=blob;f=COPYING.GPL;h=d159169d1050894d3ea3b98e1c965c4058208fe1;hb=HEAD ↩

  73. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gimp/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  74. https://sourceforge.net/p/gsmartcontrol/code/HEAD/tree/trunk/gsmartcontrol/doc/LICENSE_gsmartcontrol.txt ↩

  75. https://sourceforge.net/p/pmt/code/ci/pngcrush/tree/LICENSE ↩

  76. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/tracker/blob/master/COPYING ↩

  77. https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~qr-tools-developers/qr-tools/trunk/view/head:/LICENCE ↩

  78. https://sourceforge.net/p/sox/code/ci/master/tree/COPYING ↩

  79. https://www.mercurial-scm.org/repo/hg-stable/file/tip/COPYING ↩

  80. https://bitbucket.org/kosovan/theunarchiver/src/default/License.txt ↩

  81. https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr-pqm/bzr/bzr.dev/view/head:/COPYING.txt ↩

  82. http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/Welcome ↩

  83. https://sourceforge.net/p/urlget/uget2/ci/master/tree/COPYING ↩

  84. https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/foundation/licensing/ ↩

  85. https://community.kde.org/Policies/Licensing_Policy ↩

  86. https://github.com/autokey/autokey/blob/master/LICENSE ↩

  87. https://www.gnu.org/software/units/ ↩

  88. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/brasero/-/blob/master/COPYING ↩